One of the most popular activities in the older literature from Africa, the impact of Western civilization on the African tradition. African writers such as former Chinua Achebe, Ngugi Wathiongo Elec Amadi portrayed the negative or positive impact on society of this new idea. But in general, have long for the happiness and peace in the traditional Lost World. For them, Western civilization has brought economic and social ills such as corruption. This clash of tradition andWestern civilization is at the center of most of TM Aluko's novels as well. It will be interesting to see how this is brought four of his novels: a man a woman a man a machete, a relative and Foreman and His Majesty's Venerable.
TM Aluko was born in June 1918 Ilesha 14, in Nigeria. He trained as a civil engineer and urban planner, is the University of Lagos, and at Imperial College in London. He has held several administrative positions in Nigeria to increase publicDuty officer of the colonial period in 1950 as Director of Public Works, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation for the exit from public service in 1966. He pursued an academic career to retirement, in the process of gaining for himself a Ph.D. in urban engineering in 1976. He has received several awards including an OBE in 1963 and Officer, Order of the Niger in 1964.
Aluko short stories have appeared at the end of 1949. But he has begun to attract the interestif he had his first novel, A man is a woman in Nigeria published in 1959. The book is an insult to Christians in conbat controversial with traditionalists in the south of Nigeria. Inspired by his modest literary success, he produced his extraordinary novel, a man a machete, which satirizes the settlers of the rural development program for the economic and social integration.
The conflict between traditional and Western civilization in one man, a woman is in the form of a comparison between the traditional religionand Christianity. It begins with Christianity is growing in traditional society. The campaign against the traditional religion of the church is a normal procedure. Hundreds of residents are regularly observed to worship trees and rivers for the one and only God of the Christians to leave. To demonstrate the ineffectiveness of these gods, the priest goes to the extreme Odan kicking the trunk of the sacred tree.
The conflict is much deeper, fortwo religions are diametrically opposed. Traditional religion promises them material reward, while the Christian religion promises nothing but happiness in a spiritual world "mythical" called Heaven. But the strangest of the requirements of the new religious teachings is that a Christian should remain monogamous. Why is it necessary and very important to him, he says, when it should reach the highest level of Christianity. The spiritual concerns incomprehensible short and antagonistic totraditional materialistic world. Shocked by this "madness" that people are forced to react.
At the beginning of the novel we see a child against the authenticity of the pastor's refusal of divine forces. Threat Dada later, the High Priest of Shomponna that forcing such a challenge could be Shomponna islands with a terrible epidemic of smallpox in the dry season next visit.
In the second novel, A Man, a machete, the conflict revolves around theComparison of the Western District Officer Black, Udo Akpan, and a political opportunist, Benja-Benja. This conflict began when Benjamin Benjamin expressed his disappointment in how the officer turns to a young neighborhood Aug. African Oba and his Council of Elders. Later Benja Benja Udo Akpan has the audacity to deliver it in person at the Rest House an official document should go through the normal processes of the angry red tape.
The conflict itselfThis novel is about a crisis in the country launched. A specific disease destroys the cocoa trees. Nothing can be done to hit the trees, so it seemed. Prevention seemed the only cure. The danger is even greater when you consider how much of this region depends on the cocoa harvest. The British government is in the region to the people what should be done to explain the problem must be included. But then comes a further restriction does not speak the local language and in only a fewThe locals speak English. So if the government to reduce the diseased trees to prevent the further spread of the disease has been proposed, it seemed incomprehensible, and a neutral-line mentality of the people that cocoa is the tree of all wealth. They met with disbelief, that they see as just another white man in a criminal association. In order to overcome this negative attitude the government has an advertising campaign. Stansfield argues in relation to this, that the spirit ofAfricans must first be obtained before a plan would succeed. It therefore calls on the formation of many of them as possible, because it is necessary to reduce the cocoa trees. While Chief Ajayi told his farm had to be done first, as an example, the villagers were hostile. "She liked it ... [It] shook their heads in silence, spitting angrily." Those who attack the entire head of the family Momo, all dogs and culminated inCut team.
To complicate matters further, there is a dispute boiling over a small land piece of land called Igbodudu, now controlled by Apenos, but have a right to Ipajas said. Two blacks trained abroad to return in a prominent position in this dispute. One is Udo Akpan, the newly appointed district chief for the region. The other is Benjamin, Benja, nominally working as a journalist, but also pursues other plans Grander. Udo Akpan took the 'White Man's Shoes. But he only wants the best for his people and his country. But the best thing to do is complicated by the British refusal of him important information about the disease of cocoa and other educated Africans - especially Benjamin, Benjamin, who gets the important information in front of him and uses it to its end leaving the locals so helpless and confused to distinguish the victim is not in a position among the educated. This confusion is encapsulated in the observation Oba Ipajathe local priest, Josiah Olaiya:
They read the same books. But you confuse us, we have not informed. You tell us
different things. But you've read the same books. Why do you read differently
The same things from books?
Playing on the feelings of local people, and distort the truth runs, Benja-Benja, for their support and money. Benjamin is truly a strange man, whose ambition, crime and lies are always outrageous. He uses his exceptional ability inMobilization of people and talk to his greatest personal advantage by advancing their goals and enrich the people of Ipaja more to a fund to sue for the return of the alleged disputed land, as it was really worth it to donate.
The conflict involves the Western religion of the Christians came against the forces of nationalism controlled by Benja-Benja. The church, which now has established more than a man a woman, represented by Pastor Olaiya. Inhis sermons, he tries, the militant villagers face with a warning against the use of national interest. 'Take your life, what you will wear. "He says. This is turning facing opposition to the policies of the government of cocoa trees deforestation. He also questions the nature of patriotism, displaced, or threatened individual responsibilities as a Christian. This leads him on the warpath against nationalism and ethnicity what isBenja Benja-is. Benjamin Benjamin's War Against Reverend Olaiya guide to what he calls "the imperial dragon 'and the church for its coverage and protection. He promises to turn him and his imperialist masters struggle every day, everywhere, and much of it is. Therefore, the conflict on two levels of thrust.
In the third novel, a relative and Foreman, the conflict is re-personalized. The modern world is represented by Titus Oti, just back from England. Tito gets so involved in aFight against the pernicious influence of his parents, Simeon Oke, the embodiment of traditional conservatism. Titus, after his return from Britain with high ideals will be alienated from the values of his traditional society. This triggers his battle against the traditional restrictive elements.
At the beginning of the traditional elements that he has to struggle free from his family very friendly. It 'was the same family who had spent about the care of Simeon Oke corrupt. Thetraditional rites, had to pass through his return home was so unbearable that began:
To feel that he has gradually under the influence of strange that
He could not explain. Something deep inside him told him with a thin voice, which
you should run out into the atmosphere from the vacuum fresh - an environment that was free of the spirits of the ancestors. But he found himself powerless to fulfill her desire. He found himself unable to resistwhat has been ordered not to by his old uncle. He saw the old man, as in a dream of a bowl, pour a little 'of water in a gourd.
Requests will be produced on him by his relatives and to suppress if not more. Old Pa Joel blame them all not to give him money and not about him, and Simeon Oke. The church combines traditional elements with excessive demands on him. Even if he just had time to calm down, and regardless of financialIssues involved, waiting for him in church, located in positions where their financial demands were not subtle to commit procedure. It was he, up to 40 pounds for the bazaar, for which he spent as president. But in her struggle against tight in a position where it may be impossible, without resorting to the same corrupt practices, fights against free will, has yet to refuse all invitations and requests for contributions. This also forces himStart fights against his family very friendly. And 'only through this that has succeeded in maintaining its principles and strengthened still incorrupt.
The possibility of a clash between modernity and tradition in Her Majesty's Venerable occurs when a new agreement to run for governor of the traditional division of power with the modernists higher education levels of society. The collision is inevitable, since this is a new structure '"erosion of power and authority of traditional rulers. The newCouncil, which is guided by these results through a brilliant lawyer, Morrison. Morrison is committed to efficiency and progress in the traditional life and the elimination of social evils like corruption and dishonesty. This is the policy to move away from confrontation, which forced the new ideas on the old property. The construction of the building season in the traditional way, with work-songs so quickly to work, took less stressful and more efficient. This receivesMorrison anyone:
"What happened to the rest of our costumes," he says. "This joint work should be preserved." Conventional methods for the maintenance of discipline are also hired to help work on the site congenial spirit. Those who have to work again, not every two goats slaughtered and the blood comes Sun dabbed on the house of the offender. To start, this property is of traditional and modern agree. How beautiful it is that thetraditional authorities themselves became convinced of the need to modernize. This is the awareness that the instructions Alaiye Morrison's advice on how you should get a new courthouse, where lawyers work as Morrison could build up to ask.
But they show signs of discomfort as soon as possible. Trainees are shown as torn between loyalty to their traditional leaders, and that the new rules. The staff were accountants, for example, "poised between these twoConflict of loyalty -... allegiance to the new legislation and the branches and fidelity to the financial statements Alaiye "The Alaiye is the main cause of the conflict, failed to understand the impact of new rules and new roles in the new system, which therefore has no make adjustments necessary to adapt in order to continue to behave as autocratic as before. Morrison Despite efforts to remain as reasonable as possible, increasing the salaries of the traditional rulers',the introduction of an allowance for Alaiye and give him a special vote for repairs to his court, the Alaiye remains difficult. At the end of the conflict explodes in a confrontation. Morrison will be forced to a total failure in its allocation of Alaiye to avoid dislodging the progressive elements of the future. For such a failure, he acknowledges, will be disastrous, because it is a head-on collision between the Alaiye along with his troops on one side andprogressive elements and the majority of people who have already the first signs of impatience with his government on the other autocratic and repressive. The probe is immoral and corrupt practices Alaiye, resulting in an irreversible position:
"Now everyone says their own business acumen. We are our soul. We do not know
Morrison wants. Do not we want to improve the rankings. This is our decision. "
The collision, at the end, proves to be bloody and very extravagant buildings withattacked and destroyed the people. Among those attacked was the narrator, Roberts, who works closely with the Alaiye there.
Aluko attitude of the two forces is usually difficult to decipher, as seems to be generally adopt a detached attitude towards tradition and modernity. Even if it occupies at the end of a certain attitude, not only his comments on any page. Both cultures offer precise control.
In a man, a wife, you see veryThe proof of sarcasm at the expense of traditional ones. As Griffiths says:
Aluko looks nothing noble or worthy of traditional tribal life. He laughs at the
The villagers, the gods, flash, iron, and smallpox, and the priests of this cult
Gods are basically hypocrites and charlatans who exploit the superstitious exposed
Afraid of their neighbors [ALT5]
The clown and the incompetence of the traditional leader is shown in U.S. District Court chaotic scene. Ifwas finally re-fleeting of the president happily continue:
"This is a serious case," said one commissioner to another. "This
They issued loans to 37 pounds This woman is only six pounds, five
Schilling. The gap between £ 37 and £ 6 is not closely related. How about saying
There, Chief Osi?
Cape ineffective, in turn, makes it dare on his mind and admitting his hands difficultythe head of another. This process goes on for long without the problem is not resolved.
This inefficiency rises as high as the Oba is. Signs of beer in difficulty to isolate two messengers and a native authority police officer sent to investigate the Oba are representative. But the ensuing investigation takes a form rather strange - the messengers were paid for five days, feasting on village chickens and goats, drinking palm wine and make love with the village girls. This,learned will be sanctioned by the same Oba.
The immorality of the traditional fate could be that girls are required to reject the suitors of their parents the chance to see. They are sent to the Oba Palace of the slave as a domestic worker. This perspective, this is what affects the top of the Taurus in his flight from home.
Shango is not even attractive represented as deities. When the blinding flash and deafening applause greeted by a huge thunder followed, has been acceptedanother culprit that has been crushed. But it was later revealed to Joshua, who will speak boldly for the values that protects Shango. It 'was amazing! It 'was amazing. Even the most die-hard traditionalists find it hard to believe.
A similar attitude toward the forces that were traditional in the other books to see. In a man, one makes fun of bush knives Aluko quite unworthy down the front of the elders of Apaja. In Kinsman and ForemanThe satire is clearly against the relatives of Titus' to assist in their thinking and action, and in fact projected to promote corruption.
Even modernist elements to flee is not mocked. Only a man in a woman asks you how seriously should the priest and those around him. Often sound naive in the marriage of their teachings. But every time I seem to act here as opposed to those dogmas. The bitter fighting and gossip that goes on, is the most atypicalof Christians. This is written in the Bible, Joshua, Jeremiah saw the efforts of blackmail. We also acknowledge the enmity between Royasin Bible and Jeremiah. There was not much love between him and the head of the village community, we're told. Joshua credibility, ultimately from his brutal attack on Jeremiah Bible, even though he prayed shaken. Jeremiah threatened stomach with a machete, which has produced under the folds of his large piece of material.
And then the home of the machetecame to Jeremiah. Seriously questioned their sincerity. Later, when Joshua seems to attack the values of the new religion, while the defense which was previously against the traditional, we are not surprised, because you already know him as a hypocrite.
Aluko critical of Western values, however, are only vaguely gestures. There is no need to hide his true position: change is inevitable and should be encouraged to delay progress of traditionalism and conservatism just as wellShould be discouraged. He has manipulated its plot and characters who suggest. At the end of a man, the death of a woman by Baade Shompoona instructive. A similar fate met DIREL even those who play the dual role of Joshua. He had been dead god who defended it fought. At the end of Christianity victorious But Sheyi and the people who converted to Christianity. The church is now the source of liberation from the scourge ofSmallpox.
In One Man, One is the machete as a progressive management, prudent in their programs to eradicate the spread of cocoa diseases, as people are so unreasonable obstacles presented presented. But at the end of the progressive force of change occurs with the maximum cut the extremists so as Chief Momoh. A new discovery of disease control, with no cutting of trees done for the satisfaction of all parties involved. The importance of finding new waysThings to do is to emphasize that.
In Kinsman and Foreman Aluko clearly supported Tito fight 'against corruption. We sympathize with him when he breaks the traditional forces that are trying to remove him from his immortal principles, and the final charge, which his parents almost ruined corrupt, Simeon, could not resist the strength, demonstrates the need for some of the negative characteristics world of traditional combat.
Aluko could not be made based on the type of change thatExports from Western culture or civilization to a wholesale African environment. He feels that the best of both, which must be brought together to make a new system and human. What is condemned in traditional African culture, those issues that are clearly in decline as the belief in Shomponna, leading to unnecessary destruction of smallpox. His views on this matter is much stronger in Her Majesty's Venerable, where the experiment is to develop a system of labor among the best inTradition and modernity. All together, shows compassion for such a program. Anyone who loves Alaiye hindering its success, shown off as irrational and therefore are set aside at the end to moderate and progressive forces to govern the way forward.
Aluko has received favorable attention by the Western press as Achebe. One critic called him and his writings as follows:
Nigeria is one of the first writers of English prose, Aluko maintains a consistentThe enthusiasm for the humor and caricature. His narrative focuses on the everyday ills of Nigerian society, such as corruption, ignorance, poverty and vandalism, the skepticism expressed expatriate colonial officials and Africans educated replaced them after independence. Although his height is below Achebe and Soyinka, is his best work, a man a machete in-depth knowledge of Nigerian Yoruba culture, special reasons. Her designs are conservative English writerSnow, especially the comedians Dickensto CP.
In 1994, Aluko published his autobiography, My years of service. Among his other satirical works wrong in the dock [1982] A State of Our Own [1986], and Unbecoming Conduct [1993].
LITERATURE:
TM Aluko State Of Our Own
TM Aluko's prime minister, Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1970
TM Aluko conduct unbecoming
TM Aluko His Venerable Majesty Heinemann EducationalBooks, London, 1973
TM Aluko Kinsman and Foreman, Heinemann Educational Books, London,
1966
TM Aluko One Man, One machete Heinemann Educational Books, London,
1966
TM Aluko a man a woman Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1059
TM Aluko Wrong Ones in the Dock
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